The immediate response to a spill can make or break your ability to remove it. Start by identifying the type of stain (i.e. oil, wine, food) so you can use the right product and method.
Blot liquid stains with a white cloth or paper towel, avoiding the temptation to rub which can permanently damage carpet fibers. If needed, use a store bought carpet cleaner – test the solution in an inconspicuous area first.
Blot
Stains are a part of life, but they don’t have to be permanent. By acting quickly, identifying the stain type, testing any cleaning solutions and following care labels and instructions, you can keep your carpets looking fresh.
For water soluble stains like juice or food dye, use clean white cloths to blot the spill from the outside in, changing out the cloth as often as necessary to avoid re-staining the area. This will remove as much of the liquid as possible before it has a chance to sink in and set.
When it comes to removing semi-solid or solid stains, try to lift them as soon as possible by using a spoon, credit card, or other thin object. Rubbing the stain will push it deeper into the carpet fibers and make it more difficult to remove.
Before trying any cleaning solutions, always test the product in an out-of-sight area of the carpet to ensure it won’t oversaturate, discolor or damage the fabric. If you do find the solution to be damaging, or if the stain doesn’t appear to be removing, switch to another cleaner.
One common cause of reappearing stains is something called “wicking.” This happens when the substance that was spilled into the carpet (like wine) soaks through the backing and even into the underpad, then travels up the fiber strands back to the surface. The best way to prevent this is by blotting—never rubbing—the stain.
When removing stubborn or old stains, it may be necessary to rehydrate the original stain. For example, red wine stains can be particularly difficult to remove because they dry out and become set in the carpet. Luckily, this is easy to do with readily available household items: Simply mix some hydrogen peroxide with a small amount of dish soap and apply it to the stain. Be sure to blot, not rub, the solution into the carpet, changing out the cloth frequently to avoid re-staining the fibers. If the stain still doesn’t budge, you can try a milder cleaning solution, such as 1 cup of water, a tablespoon of detergent and a quarter-cup of white vinegar.
Rinse
Whether it’s grape juice from your kids or finger-paint artwork from your 3-year old, the longer a stain sits on carpet fibers the more difficult it is to remove. So, it’s important to act quickly and use a stain removal technique that is appropriate for the type of stain. It’s also important not to scrub — scrubbing can actually push the stain deeper into the carpet, making it more challenging to clean and increasing the likelihood of permanent damage.
To begin the process, blot — never rub — the stained area with a cloth or paper towel to soak up as much of the substance as possible. Then, mix a solution of water and dish soap — 1 tablespoon of mild detergent like Dawn or other brand name liquid dish soap to 2 cups of warm water. Apply the solution to an absorbent cloth, dab it onto the stain, and continue to blot until there’s no more detergent left in the carpet. Rinse with cold water and blot again to remove any remaining moisture.
This method works well for water soluble stains, including fruit juices and food dyes. If the stain persists, try a more powerful cleaning solution made with hydrogen peroxide or vinegar and water. To make this, mix equal parts of each substance in a spray bottle and saturate the stain with the solution. Leave it for an hour, then blot the spot again until it’s dry.
The same basic method is good for oil-based stains, which include grease and salad dressing, as well as tannin stains such as coffee, tea, or red wine. Start by blotting the stain, then treat with a solvent-based cleaner and rinse. Finally, blot again and vacuum to lift the carpet fibers and remove any residue.
Another way to help with these types of stains is to sprinkle the area with baking soda. This will both help lift odors and help the stain absorb and break down. Of course, it’s important to test any cleaning solutions in an out-of-sight area of your carpet to ensure that they won’t cause discoloration or permanent damage.
Exfoliate
The best way to prevent stains from reappearing is to remove them as soon as they occur. For this reason, it’s important to have a stain removal strategy that is specific to each type of carpet. The wrong techniques can damage the fibers or cause dye transfer.
If the stain is fresh, blot it to remove as much of the substance as possible. Resist the temptation to scrub, as this will push the stains further into the carpet and increase the chances of permanent damage.
Once the stain has been blotted dry, treat it with a cleaning solution designed for your carpet material. You can make a DIY solution by mixing 1/4 teaspoon of non-bleach detergent with 1 cup of water. Be careful not to add too much detergent, as it can discolor the carpet. Apply the solution to the stain and work it into the fibers, working from the outside of the stain towards the center to prevent spreading. Rinse thoroughly with lukewarm water, and blot dry with a white cloth.
If you find that the stain persists, try adding a few drops of an enzyme cleaner to your treatment plan. This will break down the proteins that form most stains. For oil-based stains, you can also use baking soda to absorb the oil. This is especially effective for cooking oil stains, which can be difficult to remove without using harsh chemicals.
Stains can occur in many forms, including those from foods and beverages like coffee or wine, pet stains such as urine or faeces, and dyes from marker pens or nail polish remover (acetone). Always test your cleaning treatment on an out-of-sight area of the carpet to make sure it doesn’t discolor or damage the fibers. To reduce the risk of stains, you can place entry mats at doorways to trap dirt and moisture before it hits your carpets, and you should vacuum frequently, particularly in high-traffic areas. You can also implement a no-shoes policy in your home to reduce the amount of dry soil tracked onto your carpets, which can damage the fibers over time.
Dry
A common rule of thumb is that it’s easier to remove stains from fresh spills than older ones. The longer a stain sits, the more time it has to penetrate deep into carpet fibers and cause permanent damage. Soaking up liquid spills as soon as they happen is the best way to prevent this from happening. However, not all stains can be removed immediately with blotting alone, and some may require additional treatment methods to minimize the damage.
The type of stain will determine the method of removal. Stains that do not dissolve in water, such as coffee, chocolate, mud, or grease, are often treated differently than those that do. Water soluble stains, such as washable ink, milk, latex paint, or berries, can usually be treated by spraying the stained area with an appropriate cleaning solution, working from the outside of the stain toward the center, and then blotting. A spot test is always advisable before using any cleaning solutions, as many can bleach certain fabrics.
Occasionally, more advanced stain removal techniques are needed for particularly stubborn or old stains on durable and tightly woven carpet materials. This is especially true for pet stains (urine, faeces, or vomit), oil and grease stains caused by cooking mishaps or tracking in dirt from the outdoors, or colorfast stains caused by wine or fruit juice.
Sponging is another common stain removal technique, in which the item is placed on a clean absorbent pad and lightly sprayed with a solution of equal parts laundry detergent and cold water. Then, the stain-removal agent is absorbed into the fabric with a clean sponge that’s dampened only slightly. The item is then blotted dry between clean, absorbent pads until it’s completely dry.
There are a number of things you can do to help reduce the number of stains in your carpets, including placing entry mats at doors to trap dirt and moisture before it has a chance to reach your carpets, and establishing a no-shoes policy in high traffic areas in order to keep having a well-maintained carpet. Regular vacuuming and periodic extraction cleaning will also reduce the amount of soil that builds up in your carpets.